英国国家拍卖平台获批欧盟排放交易体系第三阶段启动全新规则

 

 

英国国家拍卖平台获批
欧盟排放交易体系第三阶段启动全新规则

The UK’s national auction platform got approved, and EU ETS Phase III to start with new ambitious rules

 

2012711日,欧盟委员会气候变化委员会投票批准英国国家拍卖平台,用于欧盟排放交易体系之下的第三阶段排放限额拍卖和航空排放限额拍卖。

On 11 July 2012, the European Commission Climate Change Committee (CCC) voted to approve the UK’s national auction platform for phase III and aviation auctions under the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS).

欧盟排放交易体系是英国气候变化政策的核心。它是一个基于强制减排且逐渐减少排放上限的系统。它通过设定碳价在推动低碳技术投资中扮演重要角色。如果范围正确,排放交易从经济层面可以极其有效,而且从政治层面,可以引导企业参与节能减排。

The EU ETS, a system based on a binding and decreasing “emission cap”, is at the heart of UK’s climate change policy.  It plays an important role of driving investment onto low carbon technologies by putting a price on carbon. Emissions trading can be very economically efficient and politically acceptable to get business to focus on energy efficiency and reduce emissions, if parameters are right. 

拍卖是最为透明的分配方法,它允许参与者依据市场价格获取配额。或者,遵循特定的规章免费发放配额。2008年,欧盟排放交易体系指令进行了修改,将拍卖作为欧盟排放交易体系第三阶段(20132020)分配排放配额的主要方法。在第三阶段,至少50%的排放配额将在整个欧盟进行拍卖。此外,欧盟成员国还将拍卖15%的航空排放限额。

Auction is the most transparent allocation method that allows market participants to acquire the allowances at the market price. Alternatively, allowances can be allocated for free if met certain rules. In 2008, the EU ETS Directive was revised to make auctioning the main method for allocating emissions allowances in Phase III of the EU ETS (2013-2020). In Phase III, at least 50% of general emissions allowances will be auctioned across the EU. In addition, EU member states will auction 15% of allowances from the aviation sector.

根据欧盟拍卖条例的规则,成员国可以通过普通的欧盟平台进行拍卖,也可以建立本国的拍卖平台。英国、德国和波兰选择了建立本国的国家拍卖平台。在英国国家拍卖平台开始拍卖之前,必须要先得到气候变化委员会的批准,并接受欧洲议会和欧洲理事会为期三个月的审查期。

Under the rules set out in the EU Auctioning Regulation, Member States have the option to either auction via a common EU platform, or set up their own, national platform. The UK, Germany and Poland have opted to set up national auction platforms.  And before auctions can begin on the UK platform, the platform must first be approved by the Climate Change Committee and then be subject to a 3 month scrutiny period by the European Parliament and Council.

英国能源及气候变化大臣格雷格·巴克对这一重要的投票表示欢迎,他指出:这一声明进一步确保我们能够按计划开始拍卖第三阶段排放限额与航空排放限额。欧盟气候变化委员会的认可,反映出英国国家拍卖平台这一提案的成功以及英国在碳拍卖中持续扮演的领导角色。

Welcoming this important vote, Greg Barker, Minister of State for UK’s Department for Energy and Climate Change said: “This announcement is a further step towards ensuring that we can start auctioning phase III and aviation allowances as planned. The endorsement by the EU Climate Change Committee reflects the strength of the UK’s proposal and continued leading role in carbon auctioning.”

英国政府已在今年早些时候选择了欧洲期货交易所作为拍卖平台。欧盟委员会气候变化委员会的批复是英国预备拍卖第三阶段排放配额和航空排放配额的最新进展。为了圆满的完成为期三个月的审查,英国预计将在2012年底前拍卖大约1200万第三阶段排放限额和700万航空配额。

UK government has selected ICE Futures Europe as the preferred auction platform earlier this year. The CCC endorsement is the latest step in the UK’s preparations for auctioning phase III and aviation allowances.  Subject to successful completion of a three month scrutiny process, the UK is expected to auction approximately 12 million Phase III emissions allowances and 7 million aviation allowances by the end of 2012.

补充信息Further information:

欧盟排放交易体系第三阶段(20132020EU ETS Phase III (2013 - 2020)

欧盟排放交易体系第三阶段建立在前两个阶段的基础之上。在经过了重大修改之后,将为应对气候变化做出更大的贡献。在欧盟范围内更加强有力地限制排放,首选拍卖的方式进行限额分配,减少通过欧盟之外的项目获得排放抵免额,这些措施将能够进一步减少排放,为未来带来更大的确定性,市场也将更加成熟稳定。

Phase III of the EU ETS builds upon the previous two phases and is significantly revised to make a greater contribution to tackling climate change. A more ambitious, EU-wide cap on emissions; auctioning as the preferred means of allocation; and reduced access to project credits from outside the EU will result greater emission reductions, greater certainty and more predictable market conditions.

欧盟排放交易体系的第三阶段将帮助欧盟完成2020年使排放在1990年的基础上减少20%目标的三分之二。这相当于到2020年比2005年根据欧盟排放交易体系确定的排放基准线减少21%

Phase III of the EU ETS will deliver two-thirds of the EU’s unilateral 20% emissions reduction target by 2020 on 1990 levels. This equates to 21% reduction by 2020 compared to the 2005 verified emissions baseline under the EU ETS.

这意味着到2020年,欧盟排放交易体系能够每年减少5亿吨二氧化碳当量,是欧盟应对气候变化最大的政策工具。如果欧盟将温室气体减排目标提高到30%,减排量将进一步提高。对英国而言,欧盟排放交易体系将占英国第三阶段二氧化碳排放的48%。据预估,该体系将有望完成英国2008《气候变化法案》中前三个碳预算的三分之二。

This means that by 2020, the EU ETS will be saving 500 MtCO2e per year, making it the biggest single policy instrument for addressing climate change in the EU. These emissions reductions will increase further if the EU moves to a 30% GHG emission reduction target. For the UK, the EU ETS will cover about 48% of national CO2 emissions from Phase III. It is expected that the ETS will deliver two-thirds of the first three UK carbon budgets (2008-2022) under the Climate Change Act 2008.

2013年起,修改之后的欧盟排放交易体系指令规定:

  • 欧盟范围内实行集中的排放配额,该举措能使每年减少第二阶段配额年平均水平的1.74%。到2020年实现比2005年核实的排放量减少21%。对2013年暂定的排放配额为19.27亿吨,但是考虑到第三阶段欧盟排放交易体系的范围有所扩大,这一限制会在20109月进行修改。
  • 拍卖水平也会有所提高——2013年起,至少50%的限额将进行拍卖,而在第二阶段,这一比重在3%左右。这将提高欧盟排放交易体系的环保有效性和经济效率。在英国,电力行业的限额拍卖比重将达到100%。在欧盟大多数区域,情况也将如此。
  • 根据《京都议定书》,通过欧盟之外的项目获得排放抵免额将会有所限制,不得超过欧盟排放交易体系所要求减排量的50%,这少于第二阶段的226%,这也意味着将有更多的减排量产生于欧盟地区。
  • 通过拍卖的所有限额的12%将本着团结的原则,在GDP较低的成员国之中重新分配。这些国家大部分是东欧地区的新成员国。
  • 欧盟成员国做出一个不受法律约束的承诺,将拍卖所得至少一半用于在欧盟以及发展中国家应对气候变化。
  • 工业领域将基于产品基准线免费获得限额分配。产品基准线的设定将根据欧盟前10%温室气体排放最少的装置的平均值。
  • 因为碳价格而面临要将生产转移到欧盟地区之外(即碳泄漏)的行业将会免费获得100%基准分配额。
  • 不会面临巨大碳泄漏风险的行业将在2013年免费获得80%基准分配额,到2020年下降到30%,到2027年降为零。
  • 欧盟排放交易体系新成员高达3亿的排放限额将用于支持示范碳捕获和存储技术以及创新的可再生能源技术。
  • 成员国也有可能让小型排放源和医院退出,从而减少监管压力。

 

 

地址:广州市越秀区越华路185号广东机械大厦12楼 电子邮件:APGEI@163.net
电话:020-38863542 传真:020-38847360
Copyright @ 2004-2008 APGEI,All Rights Reserved 粤ICP备05073285号